This 20 hour course introduces the conceptual questions that drive GIS&T research, geographic information science (GIScience). Students learn to critically analyze the major themes in the GIScience literature and draw out the practical ramifications for GIS&Ts. Students will also learn to contrast GIS as a tool with GIS as a science. From the course, students will gain experience in synthesizing and lecturing on complex scientific material, functioning as discussants and authors of scientific papers.